Gandalf: Overview

Introduction

Gandalf stands as one of the most beloved and iconic characters in fantasy literature. Created by J.R.R. Tolkien and appearing in The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), Gandalf has transcended his literary origins to become a universal symbol of wisdom, guidance, and the struggle against darkness. Portrayed by Ian McKellen in Peter Jackson’s film adaptations, Gandalf represents the archetypal wizard—neither entirely human nor divine, a wanderer who arrives precisely when he means to, wielding wisdom as powerfully as his sword or staff.

The Istari: Wizards of Middle-earth

Gandalf is not a human wizard in the traditional sense but one of the Istari—five beings sent to Middle-earth by the Valar (angelic powers) to aid the Free Peoples in their struggle against Sauron. Known as Olórin in the West, Gandalf was a Maia, a spirit of the same order as Sauron himself, though serving different masters and purposes.

The Istari were sent in the Third Age, appearing as old men with great power but limited by their mission—they were to guide and advise, not to dominate or rule. This limitation defines Gandalf’s character and his approach to the War of the Ring.

The Many Names of Gandalf

Tolkien’s legendarium gives Gandalf numerous names, each reflecting different aspects of his character and relationships:

Gandalf: The name given by Men of the North, meaning “Elf of the Wand” or “Wand-elf”—the name by which he is best known.

Mithrandir: The Grey Pilgrim, the name used by the Elves, meaning “Grey Wanderer.”

Tharkûn: The name given by the Dwarves, meaning “Grey” or “Grey One.”

Gandalf Greyhame: “Gandalf Grey-cloak,” used in Rohan.

The Grey Pilgrim / The Grey Wanderer: Descriptive titles emphasizing his perpetual journeying.

The White: His title after his transformation, replacing Saruman as head of the Istari.

Olórin: His true name in the West, used only by those with ancient knowledge.

Incánus: A name used in the South.

Core Characteristics

Gandalf possesses powers beyond mortal understanding, yet his greatest strengths are his wisdom, compassion, and understanding of the hearts of others:

Divine Wisdom: As a Maia, Gandalf possesses knowledge and insight far beyond mortal comprehension, though he often conceals the full extent of his wisdom.

Fire and Light: Gandalf’s powers are particularly associated with fire—the fire of the forge, the fire that warms, and the fire that drives back darkness.

The Sword and the Staff: Unlike many wizard archetypes, Gandalf is equally skilled with blade and spell, willing to enter combat when wisdom alone cannot prevail.

The Friendship of the Small: Gandalf consistently shows special affection for Hobbits and other “small folk,” recognizing that greatness often comes in unexpected packages.

The Gift of Hope: More than any power, Gandalf brings hope to the hopeless, courage to the fearful, and purpose to the lost.

The Herald of Adventure

In The Hobbit, Gandalf serves as the catalyst for Bilbo Baggins’s unexpected journey:

The Invitation: Gandalf’s arrival at Bag End with thirteen Dwarves transforms Bilbo’s quiet life into an epic adventure.

The Meddler: Tolkien describes Gandalf as a “meddler” who takes an interest in Hobbits and their potential for greatness.

The Guardian: Throughout the quest, Gandalf protects the company, though he is often called away to other pressing matters.

The Introduction of Evil: Through Gandalf’s story, readers first encounter the Necromancer of Dol Guldur, later revealed to be Sauron returning to power.

The Architect of Victory

In The Lord of the Rings, Gandalf’s role expands from catalyst to architect of the strategy that defeats Sauron:

The Discovery: Gandalf discovers the truth of Bilbo’s ring—that it is the One Ring, Sauron’s greatest weapon and the key to his power.

The Fellowship: Gandalf assembles and leads the Fellowship of the Ring, choosing companions from across the Free Peoples of Middle-earth.

The Fall and Return: Gandalf’s death fighting the Balrog and his return as Gandalf the White represents one of literature’s most powerful resurrection narratives.

The War Leader: After his return, Gandalf coordinates the military and political strategy that defeats Sauron, while never touching the Ring himself.

The Guide and Mentor

Throughout both works, Gandalf serves as mentor to multiple characters:

To Bilbo Baggins: Gandalf sees potential in the comfort-loving Hobbit and guides him to become the burglar the Dwarves need—and the hero he never knew he could be.

To Frodo Baggins: Gandalf provides guidance and wisdom during the early stages of Frodo’s quest, though he cannot accompany him to Mordor.

To Aragorn: Gandalf has guided the future king throughout his life, preparing him for his destiny.

To Théoden: Gandalf frees the King of Rohan from Saruman’s influence, restoring him to his true self.

To All the Free Peoples: Gandalf serves as counselor to Elf, Dwarf, Man, and Hobbit alike, the only figure trusted across all divisions.

Significance in Fantasy Literature

Gandalf established or popularized numerous fantasy tropes:

The Wizard Mentor: The wise old wizard who guides the hero has become a fantasy staple, though few match Gandalf’s complexity.

The Reluctant Meddler: Gandalf’s tendency to arrive uninvited, stir up trouble, and depart has influenced countless wizard characters.

The Power Disguised as Weakness: Gandalf appears as a bent old man with a staff, concealing his true nature and power.

The Sacrificial Guide: Gandalf’s willingness to sacrifice himself for the Fellowship established a template for mentor characters.

The Philosophy of Gandalf

Gandalf embodies several philosophical principles:

The Primacy of the Small: “Even the smallest person can change the course of the future.” Gandalf consistently values the humble and overlooked.

The Power of Hope: Against all odds, Gandalf maintains hope and inspires it in others.

The Necessity of Choice: Gandalf refuses to take the Ring, understanding that domination—even for good—leads to corruption.

The Value of Mercy: Gandalf advocates for Gollum’s life, recognizing that mercy has power beyond calculation.

Cultural Impact

Gandalf’s influence extends across fantasy literature, film, and popular culture:

Literature: Countless wizard characters owe their existence to Gandalf, from Dumbledore to Belgarath.

Film: Ian McKellen’s portrayal created an iconic visual representation that defined the cinematic wizard.

Language: Gandalf’s lines—“You shall not pass!”, “A wizard is never late,” “Fly, you fools!”—have entered popular lexicon.

Symbolism: Gandalf has become a symbol of wisdom, guidance, and resistance to tyranny.

The Enduring Appeal

Gandalf endures because he represents something profound: the idea that wisdom and compassion are more powerful than force, that the small and humble matter as much as the great, and that even in the darkest hour, hope remains. He is not infallible—he makes mistakes, experiences fear, and faces despair—but he never surrenders to darkness, and he never stops fighting for the light.

From the Shire to the Gray Havens, from the Bridge of Khazad-dûm to the Pelennor Fields, Gandalf’s journey is one of literature’s greatest—an immortal spirit who chose to care deeply for mortal lives, a wielder of cosmic power who preferred pipe-weed and Hobbit laughter to dominion, and a guide who led not by commanding but by inspiring. He is the wizard who proved that the pen—or the staff—can indeed be mightier than the sword, especially when wielded with wisdom and love.

Origin Story

Creation and First Appearance

Gandalf first appeared as a character that would capture the imagination of audiences worldwide. The creative vision behind Gandalf drew from rich storytelling traditions while introducing fresh elements that made the character instantly compelling.

Background and Motivation

The circumstances that define Gandalf’s origin provide the foundation for their entire narrative arc. These formative experiences shape their motivations, values, and the choices they make throughout their story.

Evolution of the Character

Since their introduction, Gandalf has undergone significant development, growing more complex and nuanced with each iteration. This evolution has kept the character relevant and engaging for successive generations of fans.

Gandalf: Fictional Biography and Background

The Life of Olórin

Before he was Gandalf, the wizard was Olórin, a Maia spirit dwelling in the Undying Lands of Aman. This pre-existence shapes everything about the character, explaining his wisdom, his compassion, and his deep understanding of both the cosmic and the personal.

The Maia of Lórien

The Order of the Maiar: The Maiar were spirits of the same order as the Valar (the Powers of the World), though lesser in might. They served the Valar and helped shape the world.

Dwelling in Lórien: Olórin dwelt in Lórien, the gardens of Irmo (also called Lórien), the Vala of dreams and visions. There, he learned wisdom and compassion.

The Student of Nienna: Olórin was particularly associated with Nienna, the Vala of mourning and pity. From her, he learned pity and patience, learning to feel the suffering of others.

The Nature of Olórin: Even among the Maiar, Olórin was known for his wisdom and his ability to inspire others. He often walked among the Children of Ilúvatar invisibly, teaching them and learning from them.

The Coming of the Istari

Around the year 1000 of the Third Age, the Valar decided to send emissaries to Middle-earth to aid the Free Peoples against the growing threat of Sauron:

The Selection

The Choice: Manwë, chief of the Valar, chose Olórin to go to Middle-earth. Olórin initially feared he was too weak for the task and dreaded facing Sauron.

The Command: Manwë told Olórin that his very fear was a sign of his fitness for the mission—not seeking power but driven by duty.

The Departure: Olórin departed Aman alongside the other Istari, leaving the Undying Lands behind.

Arrival in Middle-earth

The Form: Like the other Istari, Olórin was clothed in the body of an old man, subject to physical limitations, hunger, weariness, and pain.

The Name: He was called Gandalf by the Men of the North, who gave him the name meaning “Elf of the Wand” or “Wand-elf.”

The Elvish Name: The Elves called him Mithrandir, the Grey Pilgrim or Grey Wanderer.

The Long Years of the Third Age

Gandalf spent approximately two thousand years in Middle-earth before the events of The Hobbit:

The Wandering Years

The Travels: Gandalf traveled extensively throughout Middle-earth, visiting all the Free Peoples:

• The Shire: He developed a particular affection for Hobbits, visiting the Shire regularly
• Rivendell: He became a valued counselor at Elrond’s house
• Lórien: He maintained connection with Galadriel and the Elves of the Golden Wood
• Rohan and Gondor: He served as counselor to kings and stewards
• The Lonely Mountain: He maintained relations with the Dwarves of Erebor
• The Blue Mountains: He visited the Dwarven colonies there

The Learning: Gandalf learned much during his travels—languages, histories, lore, and the hearts of the Free Peoples.

The Reputation: Over centuries, he built a reputation as a wise counselor, a bringer of ill news (as he often appeared when trouble was brewing), and a powerful ally.

The White Council

The Formation: The White Council was formed to coordinate resistance against the Necromancer of Dol Guldur.

Saruman’s Leadership: Saruman the White led the Council, though Gandalf was often the driving force behind its actions.

Galadriel’s Support: Galadriel, Lady of Lórien, supported Gandalf and favored him to lead the Council, though Saruman held the position.

The Necromancer: Gandalf suspected early that the Necromancer was Sauron returned, though Saruman dismissed these concerns.

Key Events Before The Hobbit

The Watchful Peace: For centuries, evil seemed to sleep, and Gandalf’s role was primarily as a guardian and counselor.

The Growing Shadow: Around the year 2463, the Watchful Peace ended. Sauron returned to Dol Guldur, and the Shadow began to grow.

The Finding of the One Ring: In 2463, Déagol found the One Ring, beginning the chain of events that would lead to the War of the Ring.

The Quest of Erebor (The Hobbit)

The Setup

The Concern: Gandalf became concerned about Smaug the Dragon sitting on the treasure of Erebor. He feared Sauron might use Smaug in the coming war.

The Plan: Gandalf devised the plan to send Thorin Oakenshield to reclaim Erebor, intending to eliminate the Dragon threat before Sauron could exploit it.

The Burglar: Gandalf selected Bilbo Baggins to serve as the company’s burglar, seeing potential in the Hobbit that others missed.

The Quest

The Journey: Gandalf accompanied the company through many dangers—the Trolls, Rivendell, the Misty Mountains, and Beorn’s lands.

The Departure: At the edge of Mirkwood, Gandalf was called away to deal with the Necromancer of Dol Guldur.

The Investigation: Gandalf joined the White Council’s assault on Dol Guldur, driving Sauron from his fortress—though Sauron had already prepared his retreat to Mordor.

The Return: Gandalf returned in time for the Battle of Five Armies, helping to coordinate the defense against the Orc armies.

The Aftermath

The Success: The Dragon was dead, Erebor restored, and the Free Peoples of the North allied.

The Cost: Thorin Oakenshield died in the battle, though he reconciled with Bilbo before the end.

The Continued Vigilance: Gandalf remained concerned about the growing Shadow in the South.

The Years Between (2941-3018)

The Return to the Shire

The Visits: Gandalf continued to visit the Shire, particularly to see his old friend Bilbo Baggins.

The Party: Gandalf was present at Bilbo’s Farewell Party in 3001, where Bilbo disappeared using the Ring.

The Suspicion: Gandalf began to suspect that Bilbo’s ring was more than a mere magical trinket.

The Investigation

The Research: Gandalf spent years researching the Ring’s history, consulting libraries in Minas Tirith and elsewhere.

The Confirmation: In 3017, Gandalf read Isildur’s scroll, confirming that Bilbo’s ring was indeed the One Ring of Sauron.

The Race Against Time: With this knowledge, Gandalf understood that the War of the Ring was imminent and that the Ring must be destroyed.

The War of the Ring

The Fellowship (3018-3019)

The Council of Elrond: Gandalf played a central role in the Council, explaining the history of the Ring and the necessity of its destruction.

The Fellowship’s Formation: Gandalf selected the members of the Fellowship and served as its leader.

The Journey South: Gandalf led the Fellowship through Moria, where he faced the Balrog of Morgoth.

The Fall and Return

The Bridge of Khazad-dûm: Gandalf broke the Bridge, casting the Balrog into the abyss, but was dragged down with it.

The Battle: Gandalf and the Balrog fought from the deepest dungeon to the highest peak, finally destroying the Balrog but dying in the process.

The Return: Gandalf was sent back—either by Eru Ilúvatar (God) or the Valar—to complete his mission, returning as Gandalf the White.

The White Rider

The Rescue: Gandalf rescued Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli from a desperate situation and revealed his transformation.

Rohan: Gandalf freed King Théoden from Saruman’s influence and coordinated the defense of Helm’s Deep.

The Paths of the Dead: Gandalf accompanied Aragorn through the Paths of the Dead, though he did not enter the haunted road himself.

The Siege of Gondor: Gandalf coordinated the defense of Minas Tirith and the subsequent battle against Sauron’s forces.

The Black Gate: Gandalf led the Army of the West to the Black Gate as a diversion to help Frodo complete his quest.

The Scouring and Beyond

The Healing: After Sauron’s fall, Gandalf participated in the healing of the wounds of war.

The Grey Havens: Gandalf accompanied the Ring-bearers to the Grey Havens, where he boarded the ship to the Undying Lands.

The Departure

In the year 3021 of the Third Age, Gandalf sailed from Middle-earth:

The Mission Complete: With Sauron defeated and the Free Peoples preserved, Gandalf’s task was finished.

The Return: He returned to the Undying Lands, no longer bound to mortal form.

The Legacy: He left behind a world transformed—Sauron defeated, the Age of Men begun, and the Third Age concluded.

Character and Philosophy

Throughout his millennia in Middle-earth, Gandalf developed a distinct character:

The Love of the Small: His affection for Hobbits reflected his belief that greatness comes in unexpected forms.

The Patience of Nienna: His training under the Vala of mourning gave him infinite patience with the flawed peoples of Middle-earth.

The Fire: His association with fire—warmth and light against darkness—defined his approach to the fight against evil.

The Sacrifice: His willingness to die fighting the Balrog demonstrated his total commitment to his mission.

Gandalf’s biography spans millennia, from his existence as Olórin in the Undying Lands to his final departure from Middle-earth. It is the story of a divine being who chose to care deeply for mortal life, who walked among the peoples of Middle-earth not as a ruler but as a friend, and who proved that wisdom and compassion can overcome the darkest evil. From the gardens of Lórien to the Grey Havens, Gandalf’s journey is one of literature’s most profound—a testament to the power of service, sacrifice, and hope.

Gandalf: Powers and Abilities

The Nature of the Istari

Gandalf’s powers derive from his true nature as Olórin, a Maia spirit clothed in mortal flesh. This unique status grants him abilities far beyond mortal comprehension, though constrained by the limitations imposed upon the Istari.

Physical Capabilities

Enhanced Physicality

While appearing as an old man, Gandalf possesses physical capabilities beyond human limits:

Strength: Gandalf displays superhuman strength on multiple occasions: - Breaking the Bridge of Khazad-dûm with his staff - Holding his own in combat against multiple Orcs - Wrestling the Balrog (a being of fire and shadow) for days - Slaying the Balrog at the peak of Zirakzigil

Endurance: He fought the Balrog for ten days continuously, from the deepest dungeon to the highest mountain peak.

Durability: Gandalf survived blows from the Balrog, falls, and combat wounds that would have killed any mortal.

Speed: Despite his aged appearance, Gandalf can move with surprising speed when needed.

Combat Proficiency

Gandalf is equally skilled with sword and spell:

The Sword: Glamdring, the Foe-hammer, is an Elvish blade from Gondolin: - It glows blue when Orcs are near - It is exceptionally sharp and well-balanced - Gandalf wields it with expertise against multiple opponents

The Staff: His wizard’s staff serves multiple functions: - Channeling magical power - Physical combat weapon - Walking aid (appearing to need it more than he does)

Combat Style: Gandalf fights with a combination of swordsmanship and magical enhancement, adapting his approach to opponents.

Magical Abilities

Fire and Light

Gandalf’s powers are particularly associated with fire, Narya (the Ring of Fire), and his own nature:

Fire Manipulation: - Starting fires in wet conditions (creating fire on Caradhras) - Controlling existing flames - Using fire as a weapon against enemies

Light Creation: - Creating light in darkness (the staff as a light source) - Driving back Nazgûl with light and fire - The blinding light used against the Balrog

Explosive Force: - Breaking stone bridges - Creating concussive blasts to repel enemies - The “word of Command” that sealed doors in Moria

Mental and Spiritual Powers

Resistance to Fear: Gandalf can resist the fear induced by the Nazgûl and similar terrors, and can help others resist as well.

Mind-to-Mind Communication: He can communicate telepathically with other powerful beings and occasionally with those he knows well.

Resistance to Corruption: Unlike Saruman, Gandalf successfully resisted the temptation of the Ring, recognizing that he could not wield it for good without becoming evil.

The Ability to Inspire: Gandalf can inspire courage and hope in others—a power that may be his greatest gift.

Utility Magic

Gandalf demonstrates various practical magical abilities:

Smoke Rings: His signature trick—creating smoke rings of various colors that float and dance (often entertaining Hobbits).

Fireworks: In the Shire, Gandalf was famous for his spectacular fireworks, indicating control over pyrotechnic effects.

Opening and Sealing: Magical ability to open and seal doors, particularly in places of power like Moria.

Counter-Spells: Ability to counter the magic of others, as when he countered Saruman’s voice or the Barrow-wight’s spell.

Healing: Limited healing abilities, particularly of spiritual or magical ailments.

Narya: The Ring of Fire

After his return as the White, Gandalf revealed that he bore Narya, one of the Three Elven Rings of Power:

The Powers of Narya

Fire and Light: The Ring enhanced Gandalf’s natural association with fire.

Inspiration: It had the power to inspire others to resist tyranny, despair, and domination.

Concealment: It helped conceal its bearer from the Eye of Sauron (while Sauron possessed the One Ring).

Healing: The Ring possessed some healing properties, supporting Gandalf’s role in recovery.

Preservation: It helped preserve the beauty and hope of the bearer and those around them.

The Secret

Gandalf kept his possession of Narya secret until after Sauron’s defeat: - Saruman knew or suspected - Galadriel and Elrond, also Ring-bearers, knew - Círdan the Shipwright gave Narya to Gandalf upon his arrival in Middle-earth

The Transformation: Grey to White

Gandalf’s death and return fundamentally changed his power:

Before: Gandalf the Grey

Limited Power: As the Grey, Gandalf operated under significant restrictions: - His power was veiled and constrained - He operated primarily through wisdom and influence rather than force - He was forbidden from matching Sauron power for power

The Humility: Gandalf appeared as a bent old man, often seeming less powerful than he was.

After: Gandalf the White

Increased Authority: As the White, Gandalf’s power was less constrained: - He replaced Saruman as head of the Istari order - His authority over others was clearer and more direct - He could confront power with power when necessary

Continued Restrictions: Even as the White, Gandalf remained bound by his mission: - He could not take the Ring - He could not dominate the Free Peoples - He still operated primarily through guidance and inspiration

Limitations and Constraints

Gandalf’s power, though great, operates within strict boundaries:

Mission Constraints

No Dominion: The Istari were forbidden from ruling over the Free Peoples or dominating them through power.

Guidance Only: They were meant to advise and guide, not to fight Sauron directly with their full power.

The Test: Their limitation was a test—would they remain faithful to their mission or fall to the temptation of power?

Physical Constraints

Mortal Form: Clothed in the body of an old man, Gandalf experienced: - Physical fatigue and need for rest - Hunger and thirst - Pain from injury - The possibility of death (which he experienced)

Knowledge Limitations

The Future: Even Gandalf could not see the future clearly; he operated on wisdom and probability, not certainty.

The Ring: For many years, he did not know for certain that Bilbo’s ring was the One Ring.

Saruman’s Fall: He did not anticipate Saruman’s betrayal until it was revealed.

The Greatest Powers

Gandalf’s most significant abilities may not be magical at all:

Wisdom

His wisdom, developed over millennia and enhanced by his connection to the Valar, enabled him to: - See patterns others missed - Understand the hearts of others - Make decisions based on long-term consequences - Recognize the true nature of the Ring and its danger

Pity and Mercy

Learned from Nienna, these qualities: - Led him to advocate for Gollum’s life - Enabled him to understand and work with flawed peoples - Gave him patience with the slow and the fearful - Ultimately served the cause of good better than power could have

Hope

Gandalf’s ability to inspire hope in others: - Kept the Fellowship together through dark times - Gave courage to kings and commoners alike - Maintained belief in victory against impossible odds - Demonstrated that psychological strength can overcome physical weakness

The Balance of Power

Gandalf represents a specific balance in Tolkien’s cosmology:

Not a God: Despite his divine origin, Gandalf is not all-powerful or all-knowing.

Not a Mortal: His powers exceed any human or Elven capability.

A Servant: His power is always in service of others, never for personal gain or domination.

A Guide: His greatest achievements come not from power but from wisdom and inspiration.

Gandalf’s powers and abilities demonstrate Tolkien’s philosophy of power and service. The wizard possesses tremendous capability but uses it with restraint, always prioritizing the freedom and growth of others over the display of his own might. From fireworks in the Shire to the slaying of the Balrog, from resisting the Ring to inspiring the defense of Minas Tirith, Gandalf’s power is always tempered by wisdom and guided by love—a model of strength in service that has resonated across generations of readers.

Rivals and Enemies

Overview

Gandalf’s most compelling conflicts have been with adversaries who challenge them on every level. These rivalries add depth and drama to their ongoing narrative.

Key Points

The details of this aspect of Gandalf’s story reveal important dimensions of their character, achievements, and impact. Understanding these elements provides a more complete picture of Gandalf’s significance.

Significance

This dimension of Gandalf’s life and work contributes to the larger narrative of their enduring importance and continuing relevance in the modern world.

Gandalf: Relationships

The Hobbits: The Small and the Great

Gandalf’s relationship with Hobbits is unique and defining. While the great powers of Middle-earth view Hobbits as insignificant, Gandalf sees their true worth:

Bilbo Baggins

The Discovery: Gandalf noticed young Bilbo’s potential during the Hobbit’s adventurous childhood, despite the Baggins family’s respectable reputation.

The Catalyst: He chose Bilbo for Thorin’s quest, seeing qualities the Dwarves missed—courage, cleverness, and the ability to grow.

The Development: Over the quest, Gandalf guided Bilbo’s development from a comfort-loving homebody to a capable adventurer.

The Friendship: Their relationship evolved into genuine friendship, with Bilbo’s home at Bag End always open to Gandalf.

The Concern: Gandalf’s worry about Bilbo’s Ring demonstrated his protective nature and his recognition of danger others missed.

The Parting: When Bilbo left for Rivendell, Gandalf ensured his safety and happiness in his final years.

Frodo Baggins

The Inheritance: Gandalf guided Frodo’s inheritance of the Ring and the responsibility it brought.

The Protection: He worked tirelessly to protect Frodo from the Nazgûl and the growing Shadow.

The Guidance: Though separated for much of the journey, Gandalf’s teaching and example guided Frodo’s decisions.

The Understanding: Gandalf understood the burden Frodo carried better than any other, knowing both the Ring’s nature and Frodo’s strength.

The Pride: Frodo’s success brought Gandalf profound satisfaction—his faith in the small and humble vindicated.

The Shire Generally

The Affection: Gandalf genuinely loved the Shire—its peace, its gardens, its pipe-weed, and its people.

The Protection: He worked to protect the Shire from dangers its inhabitants never knew existed.

The Meddling: The Shire saw Gandalf as a disturber of the peace—bringing fireworks, telling tales, and encouraging “queer” behavior.

The Respect: Despite his vast experience, Gandalf treated Hobbits with respect, valuing their wisdom and courage.

The Fellowship: A Company Forged in Need

Aragorn

The Long Friendship: Gandalf and Aragorn had known each other for decades, with Gandalf guiding the future king’s development.

The Trust: They trusted each other completely, sharing knowledge and strategy freely.

The Complement: Aragorn’s martial prowess and leadership combined with Gandalf’s wisdom and power made them formidable allies.

The Recognition: Gandalf was among the first to recognize Aragorn’s worth and destiny.

Legolas and Gimli

The Elf: Gandalf had long known Legolas’s father Thranduil and respected the Elven prince’s skills.

The Dwarf: Gandalf’s relationship with Gimli built on his existing friendship with Glóin and respect for Dwarven courage.

The Bridge: Gandalf helped forge the unlikely friendship between Elf and Dwarf, which became a symbol of unity.

Samwise Gamgee

The Recognition: Gandalf early recognized Sam’s loyalty and courage, ensuring he accompanied Frodo.

The Faith: He understood that Sam’s love for Frodo might be the quest’s greatest asset.

The Pride: Sam’s growth and heroism brought Gandalf deep satisfaction.

Merry and Pippin

The Young Hobbits: Gandalf initially viewed them as burdens, but they proved their worth.

The Separation: Gandalf entrusted them to Treebeard while he dealt with other matters.

The Pride: Their role in Saruman’s downfall and the Scouring of the Shire demonstrated their growth.

The Wise: Counselors and Equals

Galadriel

The Ancient Alliance: Gandalf and Galadriel had known each other for millennia, both being among the oldest beings in Middle-earth.

The Respect: They held each other in the highest regard, Galadriel having favored Gandalf to lead the White Council.

The Power: Both bore Rings of Power (Narya and Nenya), sharing a bond as Ring-bearers.

The Understanding: They understood each other’s nature and mission without need for explanation.

Elrond

The Counselor: Elrond’s house at Rivendell was a home to Gandalf, a place of rest and wisdom.

The Collaboration: They worked together for centuries, opposing Sauron and protecting the Free Peoples.

The Council: Elrond hosted the Council where Gandalf revealed the truth of the Ring.

Círdan

The Gift: Círdan the Shipwright gave Gandalf Narya, the Ring of Fire, upon his arrival in Middle-earth.

The Recognition: Círdan saw in Gandalf what others might miss, recognizing his true worth.

The Service: Both served the same cause—protecting Middle-earth and preparing for the Return of the King.

The Istari: Colleagues and Betrayal

Saruman the White

The Leader: Saruman was the head of the Istari order, and Gandalf initially deferred to his authority.

The Colleague: They worked together on the White Council, opposing the Necromancer.

The Suspicion: Gandalf began to suspect Saruman’s pride and growing darkness before others recognized it.

The Betrayal: Saruman’s attempt to take the Ring for himself and his alliance with Sauron made him Gandalf’s enemy.

The Confrontation: Gandalf offered Saruman redemption at Isengard; when refused, he broke Saruman’s staff.

The Tragedy: Gandalf viewed Saruman’s fall with sorrow, recognizing what his colleague might have been.

Radagast the Brown

The Fellow Wizard: Gandalf and Radagast were colleagues, though Radagast’s distraction with nature limited their collaboration.

The Message: Radagast unwittingly delivered the message that led Gandalf to Isengard—and imprisonment.

The Respect: Despite Radagast’s failings, Gandalf respected his love for the natural world.

The Blue Wizards

The Mystery: Alatar and Pallando went into the East, and their fates were unknown to Gandalf.

The Possibility: Gandalf occasionally wondered what became of his Eastern colleagues.

The Kings and Leaders

Théoden

The Healing: Gandalf’s relationship with Théoden was defined by his healing of the King from Saruman’s influence.

The Transformation: He freed Théoden to be his true self, restoring the King’s dignity and power.

The Alliance: They fought together at Helm’s Deep and formed a strong alliance between wizard and king.

The Respect: Théoden honored Gandalf as a bringer of hope and a true friend.

Denethor

The Steward: Gandalf respected Denethor’s lineage and abilities but despaired of his despair.

The Conflict: Denethor resented Gandalf’s influence and rejected his counsel.

The Tragedy: Gandalf witnessed Denethor’s descent into madness and suicide, unable to prevent it.

The Son: Gandalf’s relationship with Faramir was warmer, the younger man having more open wisdom.

Aragorn (as King)

The Coronation: Gandalf crowned Aragorn, completing a relationship of decades.

The Equality: As King, Aragorn and Gandalf were more equals than mentor and student.

The Friendship: Their friendship continued until Gandalf’s departure.

The Enemies

Sauron

The Ancient Opposition: As a Maia serving the Valar, Gandalf opposed Sauron across millennia.

The Recognition: Each recognized the other’s power and nature.

The Indirect Conflict: They rarely met directly, fighting through proxies and strategy.

The Victory: Gandalf’s strategy of using the small and humble against the great was the key to Sauron’s defeat.

The Balrog

The Equal: The Balrog was a being of the same order as Gandalf—both Maiar, though the Balrog was corrupted.

The Duel: Their battle was personal and cosmic, two angelic beings fighting for the fate of Middle-earth.

The Victory: Gandalf’s defeat of the Balrog demonstrated his power and resolve.

The Nazgûl

The Fear: The Ringwraiths were among the few beings who could truly threaten Gandalf.

The Opposition: Gandalf opposed them at every turn—from the Shire to Minas Tirith.

The Witch-king: Their confrontation at the gates of Minas Tirith was interrupted, their ultimate battle never resolved.

Gollum

The Pity: Gandalf advocated for Gollum’s life when others would have killed him.

The Wisdom: He recognized that Gollum might have a role to play in the quest’s outcome.

The Mercy: His mercy toward Gollum ultimately served the quest, as Gollum’s intervention destroyed the Ring.

The Understanding: Gandalf understood the Ring’s corruption better than anyone except perhaps Gollum himself.

The Relationships of Gandalf

Gandalf’s relationships reveal his character:

The Egalitarian: He treats kings and Hobbits with equal respect, valuing character over status.

The Loyal: His friendships span decades and even centuries, built on mutual trust and shared purpose.

The Forgiving: He offers redemption even to enemies, though he recognizes when it is refused.

The Empowering: He builds up others rather than dominating them, creating leaders and heroes rather than followers.

The Selfless: His relationships are always in service of his mission and the good of others, never for personal gain.

Gandalf’s relationships form a web of connection across Middle-earth—linking Elf, Dwarf, Man, and Hobbit; joining ancient powers and humble gardeners; building alliances that defeated the Shadow. It is through these relationships that his true power manifests: not in fire or staff, but in the trust, love, and hope he inspires in others.

Gandalf: Adaptations in Film, Television, and Other Media

The Film Adaptations

Ralph Bakshi’s The Lord of the Rings (1978)

The Animation: The first film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings was an animated film covering the first book and part of The Two Towers.

The Voice: William Squire voiced Gandalf in the English version, bringing gravitas to the role.

The Design: The animated Gandalf followed Tolkien’s descriptions closely—tall, bearded, with a pointed hat and staff.

The Limitations: The film ended before Gandalf’s transformation, leaving his story incomplete.

The Reception: While praised for its ambition, the animation style and incomplete story limited its cultural impact.

Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings Trilogy (2001-2003)

Peter Jackson’s adaptation created the definitive cinematic Gandalf, transforming how millions visualize the character:

Casting Ian McKellen

The Choice: McKellen was cast after several other actors (including Sean Connery) declined the role.

The Perfection: McKellen embodied Gandalf so completely that it became difficult to imagine anyone else in the role.

The Dual Challenge: McKellen played both Gandalf the Grey and Gandalf the White, distinguishing them through subtle differences in bearing and authority.

The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)

The Introduction: McKellen’s arrival at Bag End immediately established Gandalf’s character—warm, mysterious, and powerful.

The Fireworks: The Bilbo’s Party sequence showcased Gandalf’s affection for Hobbits and his playful side.

The Bridge of Khazad-dûm: McKellen’s delivery of “You shall not pass!” became one of cinema’s most iconic lines.

The Fall: Gandalf’s death devastated audiences who had not read the books.

The Two Towers (2002)

The Return: Gandalf’s reappearance in Fangorn Forest provided one of the trilogy’s most emotional moments.

The Transformation: The White Rider costume—white robes, white staff—visually distinguished the returned wizard.

The Healing of Théoden: McKellen’s performance in the Golden Hall scenes demonstrated Gandalf’s power to inspire.

The Charge: The Ride to Helm’s Deep showcased Gandalf as both warrior and beacon of hope.

The Return of the King (2003)

The Siege: Gandalf’s defense of Minas Tirith emphasized his role as protector and strategist.

The Confrontation: His stand against the Witch-king at the gates demonstrated courage against impossible odds.

The Coronation: Gandalf’s crowning of Aragorn completed his mission with quiet dignity.

The Departure: The Grey Havens sequence provided an emotional conclusion to his story.

Peter Jackson’s The Hobbit Trilogy (2012-2014)

The Expanded Role

The Prequel: Jackson expanded Gandalf’s role from the book, giving him additional screen time and subplots.

The Investigation: The Necromancer subplot became a major thread, showing Gandalf’s role in the larger war.

The White Council: Gandalf’s interactions with Galadriel, Elrond, and Saruman added political depth.

An Unexpected Journey (2012)

The Younger Gandalf: McKellen portrayed a slightly younger, more vigorous Grey Pilgrim.

The Bag End Party: The meeting with young Bilbo echoed Fellowship’s opening while showing an earlier relationship.

The Trolls: The confrontation with the Trolls demonstrated Gandalf’s cleverness and power.

The Desolation of Smaug (2013)

The Dol Guldur: Gandalf’s investigation and capture at the Necromancer’s fortress added tension.

The Rescue: Galadriel rescued Gandalf, revealing their deep connection.

The Battle of the Five Armies (2014)

The Battle: Gandalf fought in the massive battle, using sword and magic against Azog’s forces.

The Continuity: McKellen’s performance bridged the two trilogies, showing how Gandalf became the figure seen in Fellowship.

Television Adaptations

The Hobbit (1966)

The Gene Deitch Short: A 12-minute animated short that drastically condensed the story.

The Gandalf: Little character development, focusing on plot summary rather than character.

The Lord of the Rings (1993 Finnish Miniseries)

The Live-Action: A low-budget Finnish adaptation featuring live actors.

The Gandalf: Limited by budget and scope, but attempted to capture the character’s essence.

The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power (2022-Present)

The Prequel Era: The series depicts the Second Age, before Gandalf’s arrival in Middle-earth.

The Stranger: A mysterious character known as “the Stranger” who fell from the sky has been theorized to be Gandalf (or another Istar).

The Possibility: If confirmed, this would be the first screen depiction of Gandalf’s arrival in Middle-earth.

Radio Adaptations

The BBC Radio Series (1955-1956)

The First Adaptation: The BBC produced a radio adaptation shortly after the books’ publication.

The Gandalf: Norman Shelley voiced Gandalf, establishing an audio template for the character.

The BBC Radio Series (1981)

The Definitive Audio: Considered the definitive radio adaptation.

The Cast: Sir Michael Hordern voiced Gandalf, bringing Shakespearean gravitas.

The Length: The full 26-episode adaptation allowed for detailed character development.

Stage Adaptations

The Lord of the Rings Musical (2006-2007)

The Production: A major musical production premiered in Toronto and transferred to London.

The Gandalf: Brent Carver (Toronto) and Malcolm Storry (London) portrayed the wizard.

The Music: Gandalf had musical numbers emphasizing his role as guide and protector.

The Reception: Mixed reviews led to early closure, though the production was ambitious.

Animated Television

The Hobbit (1977)

The Rankin/Bass Production: An animated television special that condensed the book.

The Voice: John Huston voiced Gandalf, bringing gravitas and a slightly American accent.

The Songs: The production included songs, with Gandalf featured in several.

The Return of the King (1980)

The Rankin/Bass Sequel: Completed the animated Hobbit/LOTR cycle.

The Continuity: John Huston returned as Gandalf.

The Focus: The film emphasized the Hobbits’ perspective, with Gandalf in a supporting role.

The Lord of the Rings (Animated, 1978-1980)

The Ralph Bakshi/Rankin/Bass Combination: Various animated productions covered the story.

The Gandalf: Different voice actors in different productions created inconsistency.

Video Games

Early Adaptations

The Lord of the Rings (1985): An early text adventure featuring Gandalf.

Various Platformers: 8-bit and 16-bit games adapted scenes from the films/books.

The Peter Jackson Film Games (2002-2003)

The Licensed Games: EA produced games tied to the Jackson films.

The Gandalf: Playable character with sword and staff combat.

The Voice: Ian McKellen provided voice work for some games.

LEGO The Lord of the Rings (2012)

The LEGO Humor: Gandalf appeared in LEGO form, with his serious lines delivered humorously.

The Playability: Gandalf was a major playable character with magical abilities.

Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor (2014) and Shadow of War (2017)

The Timeline: Set between The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.

The Gandalf: Appears briefly, connecting the games to the main narrative.

The Lord of the Rings Online (2007-Present)

The MMORPG: An ongoing online game set in Middle-earth.

The Gandalf: Appears as an NPC, with players interacting with him during key storylines.

Various Mobile Games

The Adaptations: Numerous mobile games feature Gandalf in various gameplay styles.

Audiobooks

The Rob Inglis Audiobooks

The Unabridged Performance: Rob Inglis narrated the complete unabridged Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit.

The Voices: Inglis provided distinct voices for all characters, including Gandalf.

The Andy Serkis Audiobooks

The Recent Production: Serkis narrated new audiobook adaptations.

The Performance: Serkis brought his considerable vocal talents to Gandalf and all other characters.

Art and Illustrations

The Brothers Hildebrandt

The Calendar Art: Greg and Tim Hildebrandt’s illustrations defined Gandalf’s visual appearance for many before the films.

The Influence: Their Gandalf influenced later adaptations, including the films.

Alan Lee and John Howe

The Concept Art: Both artists worked on Peter Jackson’s films, their illustrations shaping the cinematic look.

The Books: Their illustrations in various editions have defined Gandalf for generations of readers.

Theme Parks and Live Appearances

The Lord of the Rings Exhibition

The Touring Exhibition: Featured props and costumes from the films, including Gandalf’s staff and sword.

Theme Park Proposals

Various proposals for Lord of the Rings theme parks have included Gandalf as a meet-and-greet character, though few have been realized.

The Adaptation Process

From Page to Screen

The Challenge: Adapting Tolkien’s detailed descriptions and internal thoughts to visual media.

The Success: Peter Jackson’s films are widely considered among the most successful literary adaptations.

The Changes: Some changes were necessary—condensing timelines, combining characters, emphasizing action.

The Voice of Gandalf

The Distinction: Whether in animation, radio, or film, Gandalf requires a voice of authority, warmth, and gravitas.

The Legacy: McKellen’s performance has become the standard against which others are measured.

The Cultural Impact of Adaptations

The various adaptations of Gandalf have:

Expanded Recognition: Made Gandalf recognizable to audiences who have never read Tolkien.

Defined the Visual: Established how the wizard looks in the popular imagination.

Created Iconic Moments: “You shall not pass!” and other moments have transcended their source material.

Influenced Fantasy: Shaped how wizards are portrayed across fantasy media.

Gandalf’s adaptations across film, radio, stage, games, and other media demonstrate the character’s versatility and enduring appeal. From William Squire’s animation voice to Ian McKellen’s Academy Award-nominated performance, from John Huston’s television special to potential appearances in Rings of Power, Gandalf has proven adaptable to any medium while maintaining his essential character—a bringer of wisdom, hope, and fire against the darkness.

Gandalf: Cultural Impact and Legacy

The Archetypal Wizard

Gandalf has become the definitive wizard in popular culture, establishing the template against which all subsequent wizard characters are measured. From his pointed hat to his staff, from his wisdom to his fireworks, Gandalf created the modern archetype of the wizard as a mysterious, powerful, yet benevolent figure who arrives precisely when needed.

The Literary Legacy

Influence on Fantasy Literature

Gandalf established or popularized numerous fantasy tropes:

The Wizard Mentor: The wise old magical advisor who guides the hero has become a staple of fantasy fiction. Dumbledore (Harry Potter), Belgarath (The Belgariad), and countless others owe their existence to Gandalf.

The Disguised Power: The trope of a seemingly frail old man concealing cosmic power became standard through Gandalf.

The Sacrificial Guide: Gandalf’s fall in Moria established the pattern of mentor characters sacrificing themselves for their students.

The Return Transformed: His return as the White established that death need not be the end for significant characters.

The Tolkien Estate

Gandalf has become central to the Tolkien brand:

The Recognition: Along with Gollum and perhaps Aragorn, Gandalf is the most recognized Tolkien character.

The Merchandise: Gandalf appears on more merchandise than almost any other Middle-earth character.

The Adaptations: Every adaptation of Tolkien’s work must successfully portray Gandalf to be considered valid.

The Cinematic Revolution

Peter Jackson’s Impact

The Lord of the Rings films transformed Gandalf from a literary character to a global icon:

The Blockbuster: The trilogy grossed nearly $3 billion worldwide, introducing Gandalf to hundreds of millions who had never read the books.

The Academy Awards: The Return of the King won eleven Oscars, including Best Picture, validating fantasy as serious cinema.

The McKellen Performance: Ian McKellen’s portrayal became so definitive that it influenced how readers imagined the character when returning to the books.

The “You Shall Not Pass” Phenomenon

Gandalf’s confrontation with the Balrog has become one of cinema’s most iconic moments:

The Meme: The line has been endlessly quoted, parodied, and referenced across internet culture.

The Recognition: Even those unfamiliar with Lord of the Rings often recognize the phrase and scene.

The Impact: The scene demonstrated that fantasy could achieve genuine emotional and dramatic power.

Language and Quotations

Gandalf’s lines have entered common parlance:

“You shall not pass!”: Used to indicate standing firm against any obstacle.

“A wizard is never late, nor is he early. He arrives precisely when he means to.”: Used humorously to justify tardiness or unexpected appearances.

“Fly, you fools!”: His last words before the fall, often quoted in contexts of desperation.

“All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.”: Frequently quoted in inspirational contexts.

“Even the smallest person can change the course of the future.”: Used to emphasize the importance of individuals.

The Academic Study

Tolkien Scholarship

Gandalf is among the most studied characters in fantasy literature:

Theological Readings: Scholars analyze Gandalf’s nature as a figure similar to an angel, his resurrection, and his role as a servant of higher powers.

Philosophical Analysis: His refusal of the Ring, his mercy toward Gollum, and his prioritization of the small and humble are examined for their ethical implications.

Literary Criticism: His character arc, from meddler to martyr to resurrected savior, is analyzed as narrative structure.

Comparative Studies: Comparisons to Odin, Merlin, and other wise old figures in mythology and literature.

Religious Interpretation

The Angelic Nature: Gandalf’s status as a Maia (effectively an angel) has made him a subject of religious interpretation.

The Resurrection: His return from death carries obvious Christian parallels, though Tolkien maintained his work was not allegory.

The Temptation and Resistance: His refusal of the Ring parallels the rejection of sin and corruption.

Influence on Gaming

Tabletop Role-Playing Games

Dungeons & Dragons: Gary Gygax cited Tolkien as a major influence. The D&D wizard class, while mechanically different, owes much to Gandalf’s archetype.

The Wise Mentor NPC: Every RPG features Gandalf-esque figures who send players on quests.

The Wizard Appearance: Pointed hats, staffs, and robes became standard wizard equipment through Gandalf’s influence.

Video Games

The Wizard Class: In virtually every fantasy RPG, the wizard or mage class traces lineage to Gandalf.

The Mentor Character: Games from Final Fantasy to The Elder Scrolls feature Gandalf-like guides.

The Gandalf Clones: Some games have directly copied Gandalf’s appearance and mannerisms for wizard characters.

Economic Impact

The Film Industry

The Blockbuster Model: The Lord of the Rings proved that fantasy films could be massive commercial successes, influencing every subsequent fantasy adaptation.

The Franchise: The success of Gandalf’s films established the template for multi-film fantasy franchises.

The Merchandise: Gandalf merchandise—including action figures, replicas of his staff and sword, costumes, and collectibles—generates millions in revenue.

Tourism

New Zealand: The films’ locations have become major tourist destinations, with “Gandalf’s sites” among the most visited.

The Economic Boost: Tolkien tourism significantly benefits New Zealand’s economy.

The Actor’s Legacy

Ian McKellen

The Career: Gandalf became McKellen’s most recognized role, though he was already a distinguished Shakespearean actor.

The Activism: McKellen used his Gandalf fame to advocate for LGBTQ+ rights, becoming one of the most visible openly gay actors in Hollywood.

The Knight: McKellen was knighted in 1991, before Gandalf, but the role cemented his cultural status.

Memes and Internet Culture

Gandalf has become a fixture of internet culture:

The “You Shall Not Pass” Meme: Endlessly adapted for every situation requiring refusal or defiance.

The Confused Gandalf: A reaction image used to express bewilderment.

The “A Wizard Is Never Late” Meme: Used to justify poor time management.

The Fireworks: Images of Gandalf’s fireworks are shared to celebrate celebrations.

The Balrog Fight: The entire Moria sequence is frequently referenced and parodied.

Educational Impact

Literature Curriculum

The Standard: The Lord of the Rings is among the most taught fantasy works in schools and universities.

The Character Study: Gandalf is frequently used as an example of character development, archetype, and moral complexity.

The Essay Subject: Millions of students have written essays analyzing Gandalf’s role, symbolism, and significance.

The Hero’s Journey

The Mentor Archetype: Gandalf is the definitive example of the mentor in Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey structure.

Teaching Tool: Educators use Gandalf to explain narrative structure and character function.

Generational Impact

Gandalf has influenced multiple generations:

The Boomers: Discovered Gandalf through the 1960s counterculture’s embrace of Tolkien.

Gen X: Grew up with the books and the Bakshi film.

Millennials: Defined by the Peter Jackson films, with Gandalf as a childhood hero.

Gen Z: Discovering Gandalf through streaming, memes, and continued cultural presence.

The Philosophy of Gandalf

Beyond entertainment, Gandalf represents a philosophy:

The Value of the Small: His respect for Hobbits teaches that greatness comes in unexpected packages.

The Power of Hope: His refusal to despair even in the darkest moments models psychological resilience.

The Importance of Mercy: His advocacy for Gollum demonstrates that mercy serves practical as well as moral purposes.

The Rejection of Power: His refusal of the Ring models the rejection of dominating power for its own sake.

Parodies and Homages

Gandalf has been parodied across media:

The Simpsons: Multiple episodes reference or parody Gandalf.

Family Guy: Direct parodies of LOTR scenes featuring Gandalf.

South Park: Gandalf appears in various episodes, often as the archetypal wizard.

The Big Bang Theory: Characters frequently reference Gandalf and LOTR.

Dumbledore: Harry Potter’s headmaster clearly draws from Gandalf, acknowledged by J.K. Rowling.

Merlin (BBC): The BBC series’ portrayal of the older Merlin echoes Gandalf.

The Future Impact

As new adaptations continue:

The Rings of Power: Potential appearances or references to the Istari in the Second Age.

The Animated Films: Upcoming animated adaptations will offer new interpretations.

The Continued Reading: New generations continue discovering Gandalf in the original books.

The Cultural Permanence: Gandalf has achieved the status of permanent cultural fixture, likely to endure as long as fantasy literature exists.

Conclusion

Gandalf’s cultural impact is immeasurable. He has defined the visual and conceptual archetype of the wizard, influenced generations of fantasy creators, generated billions in economic activity, provided frameworks for understanding wisdom and heroism, and become a symbol of hope against darkness.

From Tolkien’s study at Oxford to global blockbuster films, from 1937 to the present day, Gandalf has proven to be more than a character—he is an archetype, a symbol, and a philosophy. The wizard who arrived uninvited at Bilbo’s door has become a permanent resident in global culture, proving that stories of wisdom, sacrifice, and hope have power beyond any magic.

In a world that often feels dark, Gandalf remains a reminder that the small can overcome the great, that mercy is wiser than vengeance, that wisdom is more powerful than force, and that even in the darkest hour, dawn may be closer than it appears. He is the wizard who proved that literature can create lasting archetypes, that fantasy can address profound truths, and that a well-told story can change the world—or at least how we see it.

From the Shire to the stars, from the page to the screen, from 1937 to forever, Gandalf endures as the wizard who taught us that even the smallest person can change the course of the future, and that there is always hope, even when all seems lost.